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Convoy ON 144
Convoy ON 144 was a trade convoy of merchant ships during the second World War. It was the 144th of the numbered series of ON convoys Outbound from the British Isles to North America. The ships departed Liverpool on 7 November 1942 and were joined on 8 November 〔Hague pp.158&161〕 by Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group B-6 consisting of the Flower class corvettes ''Vervain'', ''Potentilla'', ''Eglantine'', ''Montbretia'' and ''Rose''〔 and the convoy rescue ship ''Perth''.〔Milner pp.180-181〕 Group B-6 had sailed without the destroyers ''Fame'' and ''Viscount'' which had been damaged in the battle for eastbound convoy SC 104. The United States Coast Guard cutters ''Bibb'', ''Duane'', and ''Ingham'' accompanied the convoy from the Western Approaches with ships that detached for Iceland on 15 November.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ON convoys )〕
==Background==
As western Atlantic coastal convoys brought an end to the second happy time, Admiral Karl Dönitz, the ''Befehlshaber der U-Boote'' (''BdU'') or commander in chief of U-Boats, shifted focus to the mid-Atlantic to avoid aircraft patrols. Although convoy routing was less predictable in the mid-ocean, Dönitz anticipated that the increased numbers of U-boats being produced would be able to effectively search for convoys with the advantage of intelligence gained through ''B-Dienst'' decryption of British Naval Cypher Number 3.〔Tarrant p.108〕 However, of the 180 trans-Atlantic convoys sailing from the end of July 1942 until the end of April 1943, only 20 percent lost ships to U-boat attack.
The Norwegian-manned corvettes of escort group B-6 fought three of these convoy battles in sequential voyages with convoys SC 104, ON 144, and HX 217.〔Hague pp.132, 137-138, 161-162, 164, 181〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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